Cancer

Kristina -

As our knowledge of cancer increases, we become more capable of avoiding and defeating it. Therefore, investing in research about cancer has positive long-term implications.

Cancer develops due to abnormal cell growth and the division of cells. These cellular modifications result in a solid mass (tumour) made up of these abnormal cells. It's important to note that not all tumours are cancerous, they can either be benign or malignant.



Uncontrolled cell growth and cell division

BENIGN TUMORS

1. The tumour grows until it has used up all the space available to it.
2. Generally, tumours remain confined to the membrane and do not spread to other parts of the body.
3. Generally, this kind of tumour is not dangerous to health and it does not contain cancerous cells.

MALIGNANT TUMORS

1. Malignant tumours are dangerous and cancerous and they will grow if unchecked and invade neighbouring healthy tissues.
2. Cancerous cells can detach from their original spot in the body and
spread to other areas through the bloodstream.
This process is known as metastasis.
3. Cancerous cells spread to other healthy tissues and cause secondary tumours. Malignancy of these tumours is very risky, making them fatal at times. That's why malignant tumours are classified as cancers.


Risk factors of developing some cancers

Cancer can effect anyone, but possessing some risk factors does not guarantee its occurrence. It simply implies a greater susceptibility to the disease. Thanks to developments in medicine, cancer survival rates have improved drastically. From better treatment options to earlier diagnosis and more screening, it's clear that these advancements have been beneficial for many people.

Some lifestyle choices have been linked to the risk of developing certain types of cancer. Scientists have identified an array of lifestyle choices that can increase one's susceptibility to the disease.

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It is a widely acknowledged fact that smoking is connected to lung cancer, but research has also found evidence of its link to many other types of cancer like mouth, bowel, stomach, and cervical cancer.
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The link between being obesity and cancer, specifically colon, liver, and kidney cancer, has been confirmed. In fact, obesity is second only to smoking as the main avoidable reason for cancer.
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Overexposure to UV radiation from the Sun can cause skin cancer. Those that live in sunny climes and those who stay outside for extended periods of time are more likely to develop the disease. Regular users of sun beds are significantly more likely to suffer from skin cancer than those who don't use them. It is important to take extra precaution and avoid this kind of behaviour to protect your health.
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Evidence has revealed that particular viral infections can result in an increased likelihood of cancer. To illustrate, hepatitis B and C viruses can heighten the chance of liver cancer development. Engaging in certain behaviors and activities can increase one's chances of contracting the virus. This could be through unprotected sexual intercourse or sharing needles for example. Hence, it is essential to be aware of the risks and take necessary precautions to avoid infection.

Inherited genetic mutations can be a cause of cancer for some individuals. These mutated genes can be passed down from parents or grandparents, increasing the risk of developing certain types of cancers. For example, mutations in the BRCA gene are linked to an increased chance of getting breast and ovarian cancer. With this knowledge, proactive screening and preventive measures can be taken to reduce the risk.



Revision Quiz for Cancer

To answer the questions correctly, hover over each option and click to select it. After you are done, click on 'Submit' to check your score, see the right answers and explanations. Most questions will include an explanation with the answer. We highly recommend that you take the time to read the explanations accompanying the answers to your questions. Doing so will give you a better overall understanding of the topic. All the best! 👏